How to Convert A JSON to XML Using Groovy?

Published on Dec 26, 2025

6 min read

Example JSON object
Convert JSON to XML

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To convert a JSON to XML using Groovy, you can follow these steps:

Import the required libraries: import groovy.json.JsonSlurper import groovy.json.JsonOutput import groovy.xml.XmlUtil
Read the JSON string using JsonSlurper: def jsonString = '{"key": "value", "array": [1, 2, 3]}' def json = new JsonSlurper().parseText(jsonString)
Convert the JSON object to XML: def xml = XmlUtil.serialize(JsonOutput.toXml(json))
Print or manipulate the generated XML: println xml

Note: Make sure you have the necessary dependencies and libraries added to your Groovy project to use the required classes (e.g., groovy.json.JsonSlurper, groovy.json.JsonOutput, groovy.xml.XmlUtil).

How can you handle special characters or encoding issues during the conversion process?

Handling special characters or encoding issues during the conversion process involves several steps:

Identify the encoding issue: Determine the encoding of the input data and identify any mismatches or inconsistencies within the data.
Normalize the data: Convert the data to a consistent encoding format, preferably a widely accepted one like UTF-8. This can be achieved using various encoding conversion libraries or tools available for specific programming languages.
Handle special characters: Special characters, such as non-ASCII characters or control characters, need to be handled properly. Depending on the data format, you may need to escape or encode these characters using appropriate techniques (e.g., HTML entities, Unicode escapes).
Validate and clean the data: Validate the converted data to ensure it is valid for the target format. Remove any invalid or non-compliant characters, or replace them with appropriate alternatives if possible.
Use proper encoding settings: Ensure that the encoding settings are correctly defined in the output format or for any data storage systems involved. This ensures that the converted data will be displayed or processed accurately.
Test and verify: Thoroughly test the conversion process on various data samples, including those with special characters or encoding issues. Verify that the converted output matches the expected results and that special characters are displayed or processed correctly.
Document the process: Document the steps taken to handle special characters or encoding issues during the conversion process. This will help with future troubleshooting and ensure consistency in handling similar cases.

Regularly reviewing and refining the conversion process can help to ensure that special characters or encoding issues are consistently handled and that the converted data is of high quality.

How can you extract specific values from a JSON object in Groovy?

In Groovy, you can use the JsonSlurper class to parse a JSON string into a JSON object and then extract specific values from it. Here's an example:

import groovy.json.JsonSlurper

// JSON string def jsonString = '{"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}'

// Parse the JSON string into a JSON object def json = new JsonSlurper().parseText(jsonString)

// Extract specific values def name = json.name def age = json.age

// Output the extracted values println "Name: $name" println "Age: $age"

Output:

Name: John Age: 30

In this example, the JsonSlurper class is used to parse the JSON string. The parsed JSON object is then accessed using dot notation to extract specific values (name and age in this case).

There are no specific or known issues or bugs related to JSON to XML conversion in Groovy. However, as with any programming language or library, there may be occasional edge cases or unexpected behaviors that could arise during the conversion process. It's always important to thoroughly test your code and handle any potential errors or issues that may occur.

How can you handle arrays or lists in a JSON object during conversion to XML?

When converting a JSON object to XML, the arrays or lists can be handled by mapping them to appropriate XML elements. Here is one possible approach to handle arrays or lists in a JSON object during conversion to XML:

Iterate through each key-value pair in the JSON object.
Check if the value is an array or a list.
If it is an array or a list, create a corresponding XML element to represent the collection. Use a suitable name for the XML element.
Iterate through each item in the array or list.
For each item, convert it to XML and add it as a child element of the collection element created in step 3.
If the value is not an array or a list, convert it to XML and add it as a normal XML element, similar to converting JSON objects to XML elements.

Here is a Python example illustrating the conversion process:

import json import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def json_to_xml(json_data, parent=None): if parent is None: parent = ET.Element('root')

if isinstance(json\_data, dict):
    for key, value in json\_data.items():
        if isinstance(value, list):
            collection = ET.SubElement(parent, key)
            for item in value:
                json\_to\_xml(item, collection)
        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            element = ET.SubElement(parent, key)
            json\_to\_xml(value, element)
        else:
            element = ET.SubElement(parent, key)
            element.text = str(value)

elif isinstance(json\_data, list):
    for item in json\_data:
        json\_to\_xml(item, parent)

return parent

Example JSON object

json_object = { "root": { "person": { "name": "John Doe", "age": 30, "hobbies": ["reading", "painting", "photography"], "address": { "street": "123 Main St", "city": "New York" } } } }

Convert JSON to XML

xml_root = json_to_xml(json_object) xml_string = ET.tostring(xml_root, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8') print(xml_string)

The above code will convert the given JSON object into the following XML representation:

John Doe 30 reading painting photography

123 Main St New York

Note that the XML structure is adapted based on the presence of arrays or lists in the JSON object. The arrays are represented by grouping the items under a common parent element, and each item is represented as a child element.

Can you provide an example of converting a JSON array to XML using Groovy?

Certainly! Here's an example of how you can convert a JSON array to XML using Groovy:

@Grab('org.json:json:20210307')

import groovy.json.JsonSlurper

def jsonArray = """ [ { "name": "John", "age": 30 }, { "name": "Jane", "age": 25 } ] """

// Parse the JSON array def jsonSlurper = new JsonSlurper() def data = jsonSlurper.parseText(jsonArray)

// Convert JSON array to XML def StringWriter sw = new StringWriter() def MarkupBuilder xmlBuilder = new MarkupBuilder(sw)

xmlBuilder.records() { data.each { item -> record() { item.each { key, value -> "${key}"("${value}") } } } }

println sw.toString()

In this example, we use the JsonSlurper to parse the JSON array, and then use the MarkupBuilder to build the XML. The resulting XML will be printed to the console.

The output XML will look like this:

John 30 Jane 25

Note that you'll need to have the org.json:json dependency added to your project for this code to work.